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Question: For the balanced equation 3HCl + Na3PO4 --> H3PO4 + 3NaCl, what would be the limiting reagent if 24.0 grams of HCl were reacted with 59.8 grams of Na3PO4?
Step One: Based on the coefficients of the reactants (the two compounds) find the ratio.
Since the balanced equation is 3HCl + Na3PO4 --> H3PO4 + 3NaCl, the ratio is going to be 3:1.
Step Two: Find the GFW of each compound (do not combine them).
HCl: Na3PO4:
H: (1x1) + Cl: (1x35.5) = 36.5 GFW Na: (3x23) + P: (1x31) + O: (4x16) = 164 GFW
Step Three: Find the number of moles for each compound. You can do this by dividing the number of grams for one of the compounds by its GFW (do this for both compounds, separately).
HCl:
The number of grams for HCl is 24.0g. To find the number of moles you are going to divide 24.0g by 36.5 GFW. This equals 0.658 moles.
Na3PO4:
The number of grams for Na3PO4 is 59.8g. To find the number of moles you are going to divide 59.8g by 164 GFW. This equals 0.365 moles.
Step Four: Take the ratio and rewrite it so that it’s a one to something ratio (1:?). This is done by dividing both numbers in the ratio by the smaller number in the ratio.
Since the ratio that we have already has one of the compounds being one we can leave the ratio as 3:1 HCl to Na3PO4.
Step Five: Whichever compound is the “one part” of the ratio, multiply its number of moles by the other number in the ratio. If the product is greater than the number of moles in the second compound, the second compound is the limiting reagent. If the product is less than the number of moles in the second compound, the first compound is the limiting reagent.
Since you have a 3:1 ratio the number of moles of HCl should be triple that of Na3PO4. Since you have 0.658 moles of HCl and 0.365 moles of Na3PO4, and you are supposed to have a 3:1 ratio, the number of moles for HCl should be 10.95 based on the number of moles of Na3PO4 (0.365x3). Therefore, you do not have the sufficient amount of HCl making it the limiting reagent.
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Question: For the balanced equation 3HCl + Na3PO4 --> H3PO4 + 3NaCl, what would be the limiting reagent if 24.0 grams of HCl were reacted with 59.8 grams of Na3PO4?
Step One: Based on the coefficients of the reactants (the two compounds) find the ratio.
Since the balanced equation is 3HCl + Na3PO4 --> H3PO4 + 3NaCl, the ratio is going to be 3:1.
Step Two: Find the GFW of each compound (do not combine them).
HCl: Na3PO4:
H: (1x1) + Cl: (1x35.5) = 36.5 GFW Na: (3x23) + P: (1x31) + O: (4x16) = 164 GFW
Step Three: Find the number of moles for each compound. You can do this by dividing the number of grams for one of the compounds by its GFW (do this for both compounds, separately).
HCl:
The number of grams for HCl is 24.0g. To find the number of moles you are going to divide 24.0g by 36.5 GFW. This equals 0.658 moles.
Na3PO4:
The number of grams for Na3PO4 is 59.8g. To find the number of moles you are going to divide 59.8g by 164 GFW. This equals 0.365 moles.
Step Four: Take the ratio and rewrite it so that it’s a one to something ratio (1:?). This is done by dividing both numbers in the ratio by the smaller number in the ratio.
Since the ratio that we have already has one of the compounds being one we can leave the ratio as 3:1 HCl to Na3PO4.
Step Five: Whichever compound is the “one part” of the ratio, multiply its number of moles by the other number in the ratio. If the product is greater than the number of moles in the second compound, the second compound is the limiting reagent. If the product is less than the number of moles in the second compound, the first compound is the limiting reagent.
Since you have a 3:1 ratio the number of moles of HCl should be triple that of Na3PO4. Since you have 0.658 moles of HCl and 0.365 moles of Na3PO4, and you are supposed to have a 3:1 ratio, the number of moles for HCl should be 10.95 based on the number of moles of Na3PO4 (0.365x3). Therefore, you do not have the sufficient amount of HCl making it the limiting reagent.
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